Interpretation Of Seismic Data Recorded By Earthquake...

CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Motivation Interpretation of seismic data recorded by earthquake seismographs and that obtained in seismic reflection surveys conducted in the search for hydrocarbons presents a great challenge. The challenge lies in constructing appropriate models of the subsurface to extract as many properties of the subsurface rocks as possible and then solving the associated forward modeling problem followed by design of suitable inversion methods to extract the desired information. Simple models do not involve very complex mathematics but yield only limited information about the subsurface. The degree of mathematical sophistication increases with more realistic models of subsurface rocks. Simple models of subsurface assume rocks to be homogeneous, isotropic and perfectly elastic. Rocks actually encountered in the subsurface do not exhibit any of these ideal characteristics. Rocks consist of a number of minerals with varying properties and grain sizes leading to point to point variation of their physical properties thus exhibiting a high degree of inhomogeneity. Even if rocks are regarded as homogeneous on a large scale, they may exhibit directional dependence of their physical properties. It is known that a stack of thin homogeneous and isotropic layers can be replaced with a homogeneous but anisotropic medium in which seismic wave velocities differ in the vertical and horizontal directions. Another situation that leads to anisotropy is the existence ofShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Earthquake And Its Consequences Essay2357 Words   |  10 Pages Reasons of Earthquake and its consequences Earthquake is one of the greatest natural disasters. Almost every year around the world earthquakes occur and cause a lot of loses of lives and wealth. Earthquake can’t be prevented and predicted and these are the reasons why it is the most devastating one. Only one way of minimizing its effects is to be careful about its’ reasons and consequences. Throughout this whole composition reasons and consequences of earthquakes are described. Introduction: